（UE5）增强输入框架在角色控制上的基本使用

UE5新增了增强输入框架（EnhancedInput）用来替代旧的输入框架，主要变化是将输入操作模块化，使得输入操作的按键绑定更加灵活，可以动态的修改按键绑定。

本文基于UE 5.2.1。将创建一个角色（C++类ABlacterCharacter和继承的蓝图类BP_BlacterCharacter），实现行走、跳跃和摄像机控制。

参考文章：

组成模块

增强输入框架由多个模块组成，这里仅介绍基本的两个组件：输入操作（UInputAction）和输入映射情境（UInputMappingContext）。

输入操作（UInputAction）

输入操作是指角色的具体动作事件，例如移动、跳跃、射击等。对应的数值类型包括布尔、浮点、Vector2D等。与具体的按键无关。下面分别创建角色的前后移动（IA_MoveForward）、左右移动（IA_MoveRight）、转向（IA_Turn）、抬头（IA_LookUp）、跳跃（IA_Jump）的输入操作（内容浏览器->鼠标右键->输入->输入操作）。

其中，除了跳跃（IA_Jump）的值类型为布尔外，其余均为浮点。

IA_Jump
IA_LookUp

在C++头文件（BlacterCharacter.h）中增加相应的关联代码：

UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_MoveForward; // 前后移动
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_MoveRight; // 左右移动
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_Turn; // 转向
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_LookUp;  // 抬头
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_Jump; // 跳跃

之后，在CPP文件（BlacterCharacter.cpp）的SetupPlayerInputComponent()函数中增加关联代码：

if (UEnhancedInputComponent* inputComponent = CastChecked<UEnhancedInputComponent>(PlayerInputComponent))
	{
		if (IA_MoveForward)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_MoveForward, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionMoveForward);
		}

		if (IA_MoveRight)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_MoveRight, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionMoveRight);
		}

		if (IA_Turn)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_Turn, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionTurn);
		}

		if (IA_LookUp)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_LookUp, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionLookUp);
		}

		if (IA_Jump)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_Jump, ETriggerEvent::Started, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionJump);
		}
	}

编译后，在蓝图类BP_BlacterCharacter的属性中赋值。

赋值

输入映射情境（UInputMappingContext）

输入映射情境指的是将按键与输入操作进行关联。并且，能通过”触发器“设置按键的触发条件（持续触发、只触发一次、组合键触发等等），通过”修改器“修改按键传递的数值。

创建一个输入映射情境IMC_PlayerCharacter（内容浏览器->鼠标右键->输入->输入映射情景）。如下图所示，关联各个输入操作。

之后，在CPP文件（BlacterCharacter.cpp）的SetupPlayerInputComponent()函数中增加关联代码：

if (APlayerController* pc = CastChecked<APlayerController>(GetController()))
	{
		if (UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem* subsystem = ULocalPlayer::GetSubsystem<UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem>(pc->GetLocalPlayer()))
		{
			subsystem->AddMappingContext(InputMappingContext, 100);
		}
	}

完整示例代码

BlacterCharacter.h

#pragma once

#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "GameFramework/Character.h"
#include "../Plugins/EnhancedInput/Source/EnhancedInput/Public/inputActionValue.h"
#include "BlacterCharacter.generated.h"

UCLASS()
class UE_NETWORKDEMO_API ABlacterCharacter : public ACharacter
{
	GENERATED_BODY()

public:
	ABlacterCharacter();

	virtual void Tick(float DeltaTime) override;
	virtual void SetupPlayerInputComponent(class UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent) override;
protected:
	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, Category = "Camera")
		class USpringArmComponent* _cameraBoom;
	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, Category = "Camera")
		class UCameraComponent* _followCamera;
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category="EnhancedInput")
		class UInputMappingContext* InputMappingContext;
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_MoveForward;
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_MoveRight;
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_Turn;
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_LookUp;
	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, BlueprintReadWrite, Category = "EnhancedInput|Action")
		class UInputAction* IA_Jump;

	virtual void BeginPlay() override;

	UFUNCTION()
	void OnActionMoveForward(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue);
	UFUNCTION()
	void OnActionMoveRight(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue);
	UFUNCTION()
	void OnActionJump(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue);
	UFUNCTION()
	void OnActionLookUp(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue);
	UFUNCTION()
	void OnActionTurn(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue);
};

BlacterCharacter.cpp

#include "BlacterCharacter.h"
#include "GameFramework/SpringArmComponent.h"
#include "GameFramework/CharacterMovementComponent.h"
#include "Camera/CameraComponent.h"
#include "../Plugins/EnhancedInput/Source/EnhancedInput/Public/EnhancedInputSubsystems.h"
#include "../Plugins/EnhancedInput/Source/EnhancedInput/Public/EnhancedInputComponent.h"

ABlacterCharacter::ABlacterCharacter()
{
	PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;
	_cameraBoom = CreateDefaultSubobject<USpringArmComponent>(TEXT("CameraBoom"));
	_cameraBoom->SetupAttachment(GetMesh());
	_cameraBoom->TargetArmLength = 600.f;
	_cameraBoom->bUsePawnControlRotation = true; // 使用Pawn身上的PlayerController控制弹簧臂
	_followCamera = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCameraComponent>(TEXT("FollowCamera"));
	_followCamera->SetupAttachment(_cameraBoom, USpringArmComponent::SocketName);
	_followCamera->bUsePawnControlRotation = false;
}

void ABlacterCharacter::BeginPlay()
{
	Super::BeginPlay();
	
}

void ABlacterCharacter::Tick(float DeltaTime)
{
	Super::Tick(DeltaTime);

}

void ABlacterCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
{
	Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
	// 参考教程 https://dev.epicgames.com/community/learning/tutorials/aqrD/unreal-engine-enhanced-input-binding-with-gameplay-tags-c

	if (APlayerController* pc = CastChecked<APlayerController>(GetController()))
	{
		if (UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem* subsystem = ULocalPlayer::GetSubsystem<UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem>(pc->GetLocalPlayer()))
		{
			subsystem->AddMappingContext(InputMappingContext, 100);
		}
	}

	if (UEnhancedInputComponent* inputComponent = CastChecked<UEnhancedInputComponent>(PlayerInputComponent))
	{
		if (IA_MoveForward)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_MoveForward, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionMoveForward);
		}

		if (IA_MoveRight)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_MoveRight, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionMoveRight);
		}

		if (IA_Turn)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_Turn, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionTurn);
		}

		if (IA_LookUp)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_LookUp, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionLookUp);
		}

		if (IA_Jump)
		{
			inputComponent->BindAction(IA_Jump, ETriggerEvent::Started, this, &ABlacterCharacter::OnActionJump);
		}
	}
}

void ABlacterCharacter::OnActionMoveForward(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue)
{
	float inputValue = inputActionValue.Get<float>();
	if (Controller && inputValue != 0)
	{
		const FRotator controllerYawRotator(0, Controller->GetControlRotation().Yaw, 0);		
		const FVector direction = controllerYawRotator.RotateVector(FVector::ForwardVector); //const FVector direction(FRotationMatrix(controllerYawRotator).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::X));
		AddMovementInput(direction, inputValue);
	}
}

void ABlacterCharacter:: OnActionMoveRight(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue)
{
	float inputValue = inputActionValue.Get<float>();
	if (Controller && inputValue != 0)
	{
		const FRotator controllerYawRotator(0, Controller->GetControlRotation().Yaw, 0);
		const FVector direction = controllerYawRotator.RotateVector(FVector::RightVector);
		AddMovementInput(direction, inputValue);
	}
}

void ABlacterCharacter::OnActionJump(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue)
{
	Jump();
}

void ABlacterCharacter::OnActionLookUp(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue)
{
	float inputValue = inputActionValue.Get<float>();
	AddControllerPitchInput(inputValue);
}

void ABlacterCharacter::OnActionTurn(const FInputActionValue& inputActionValue)
{
	float inputValue = inputActionValue.Get<float>();
	AddControllerYawInput(inputValue);
}
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