通过c++11的日期和时间库chrono来获取当前时间戳，然后做转换。

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

int main()
{
	uint64_t timestamp(duration_cast<milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count()); // 获取时间戳（毫秒）

	uint64_t milli = timestamp + 8 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 转为东八区北京时间
	auto mTime = milliseconds(milli);
	auto tp = time_point<system_clock, milliseconds>(mTime);
	auto tt = system_clock::to_time_t(tp);
	tm now;
	gmtime_s(&now, &tt);
	printf("%4d年%02d月%02d日 %02d:%02d:%02d.%03d\n", now.tm_year + 1900, now.tm_mon + 1, now.tm_mday, now.tm_hour, now.tm_min, now.tm_sec, int(timestamp%1000));

	cin.get();
	return 0;
}

Windows平台的方式

简单多了，通过SYSTEMTIME即可。

#include <iostream>
#include <wtypesbase.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

int main()
{
	SYSTEMTIME sysTime;
	GetLocalTime(&sysTime);
	printf("%4d年%02d月%02d日 %02d:%02d:%02d.%03d\n", sysTime.wYear, sysTime.wMonth, sysTime.wDay, sysTime.wHour, sysTime.wMinute, sysTime.wSecond, sysTime.wMilliseconds);

	cin.get();
	return 0;
}